Author: Angela Atabo

  • Addressing housing deficit in Nigeria through Renewed Hope Agenda

    Addressing housing deficit in Nigeria through Renewed Hope Agenda

     

    By Angela Atabo (News Agency of Nigeria)

    Housing is one of the basic needs of man. It means more than just a shelter. It is provides man with a living environment, protection, privacy and facilitating social, economic and cultural achievements.

     

    The performance of the housing sector is one of the measures by which the health of a nation is measured because of significance to the promotion of economic growth and development.

     

    Nigeria’s housing challenge has been of concern in the last three decade with different government proffering different solution towards bridging the yawning gap for the citizens.

     

    In 2010, the housing deficit was 14 million; it rose to 20 million in 2018 and in 2023 it rose to 28 million.

     

    President Bola Tinubu in his quest to ensure that Nigeria’s housing deficit is bridged; said he is determined to face the housing challenge bedeviling Nigeria with the required attention.

     

    To this end, he reeled out his vision for the housing sector under the Renewed Hope Cities and Estates programme. This will offer affordable housing to low-income earners and other Nigerians whose income is below the medium household earnings.

     

    Tinubu took a bold step to make this vision a reality at the  ground breaking ceremony of the pilot phase of the Renewed Hope Cities and Estates programme in Karasana, Abuja, for the construction of 50,000 houses across  Nigeria under the first phase by the end of 2024.

     

    “We aim to promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) collaborations that attract domestic, foreign, and diaspora investments.

     

    “We are resolved to facing the housing challenge with the clarity of purpose and determination that is required to break all the barriers that stand in our way of success,’’ he said

     

    In alignment with the President’s housing plan, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development initiated a vision to create an efficient housing market. Central to the ministry’s overall strategic action plan is to increase the availability of affordable housing.

     

    This is through the Renewed Hope Cities and Estate Programme, National Slum upgrade programme, National Housing Programme-Sale of Homes, Creation of a National Social Housing Fund and commencement of Housing sector reforms.

     

    According to the Minister of Housing and Urban Development, Ahmed Dangiwa, the government approved N126.5bn from the 2023 supplementary and 2024 budget for the housing programme as well as the slum upgrade and urban renewal.

     

    Dangiwa said, presently the Federal Government has estates in 12 states and three cities nationwide.

     

    The estates, he said, are in Katsina, Yobe, Gombe, Abia, Nasarawa, Benue, Akwa Ibom, Delta, Sokoto, Oyo, and Osun States while the cities are in Abuja, Yobe, and Lagos.

     

    He said that contractors have been mobilised and have commenced work to deliver a total of 3,500.

     

    He added that a MoU with reputable developers was signed to construct 100,000 housing units nationwide and work has commenced for 3,112 housing units under the PPP bringing the total number of housing units currently under construction to 6,612.

     

    “Under this concept, the housing units built in the Renewed Hope Cities will be sold at commercial rate while a substantial percentage will be sold at concessionary rates to low- and medium-income Nigerians who are members of the Nigeria Labour Congress and the Trade Union Congress.

     

    “The construction of the planned 50,000 units under phase one will create 1.25 million direct and indirect construction jobs in addition to the value chain effects of purchase, supply of building materials, businesses around the construction sites.

     

    “From the Ministry’s 2024 Approved Budget, another batch of Renewed Hope Estates comprising 250-housing units each in six additional states totaling 1,500 housing units would be rolled out.

     

    “To guarantee access to these houses, the ministry unveiled a website https://renewedhopehomes.fmhud.gov.ng as the  Renewed Hope Cities and Estates web portal, where Nigerians can apply, including those in Diaspora, to ease the process of acquiring homes that we are building under the Renewed Hope Cities and Estates Programme,’’ he said

     

    He said the ministry has received about  8,925 expression of interest for the Renewed Hope Estates and Cities housing scheme that comprises of 1,294 for outright purchase, 2,408 for mortgage, 2,184 for rent-to-own and 3,039 for installment payment.

     

    Dangiwa said an Executive Bill to amend the obsolete Land Use Act 1978 that has hindered the development of the housing sector is currently being drafted.

     

    He added that other reforms include the establishment of the National Land Commission, the review of relevant laws and facilitation of necessary legislative amendments.

     

    “These includes the following: The Land Use Act, 1978, National Housing Fund (NHF) Act,1992, Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN),Establishment Act, 1993, Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Act,1973 and The PenCom Act,’’ he said

     

    In the bid to make the Renewed Hope Housing programme a success, the Federal Housing Authority (FHA), is also collaborating with the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) to deliver affordable housing to Nigerians.

     

    The Managing Director and Chief Executive of FHA, Oyetunde Ojo, said the management of FHA went on a working visit to the six geo-political zones to have access to lands for the delivery of affordable housing to Nigerians.

     

    “Once the state governments give FHA the off-takers (lands), part of the requirement was to have a mortgage bank to stand for the off takers. But that is yet to happen and that is why we are partnering with the FMBN to get funds for building the houses.

     

    “I can assure you that  lands are  now available all over the country as we speak  in 22 states, minimum of 50 hectares some 100, some 150  what is needed is finance for development.’’

     

    Also the CEO of FMBN, Shehu Osidi, said that the organisation would continue to provide mortgages in order to actualise the vision of the president in the housing sector.

     

    According to him, the mandate of FMBN is to provide homeownership, by way of mortgage financing to the lower and middle income earners in this country.

     

    “This is for Nigerian workers in the public and private sectors, but even self-employed individuals are also at liberty to contribute to the National Housing Fund and take advantage of our various loan products.

     

    He said that the FMBN was making an effort to complete all its outstanding housing estates located in different parts of the country and ensure they are taken.

     

    “Going forward, we are introducing a lot of professionalism and diligence in the identification of locations for our new projects.

     

    “The profiling and selection of potential off takers to ensure that only those with ability and capacity to repay their mortgage loans are offered mortgages is key.

     

    “We are creating easy access to our various products and our processes will be seamless for people to get their mortgages approved and get houses and a collaboration with FHA is a step in the right direction.’’

     

    Nevertheless, while experts and professional bodies like the Real Estate Developers Association (REDAN), Council of Registered Builders of Nigeria (CORBON) among others applauds the Renewed Hope Housing agenda of the president as a step towards addressing the housing deficit; they however, said amendment of major laws is also crucial.

     

    Dr Samson Opaluwa, Chairman of CORBON, called for the review of the Builders Registration Act to ensure that only qualified professionals contribute to the nation’s growth to avoid building collapse.

     

    “This aims to enhance our regulatory capabilities, curb quackery in the building industry, and ensure that only qualified and content professionals contribute to the growth of our nation in this sector.”

     

    The Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON) also seeks an amendment to its acts as well as putting in place strategies to encourage private sector participation in housing supply and the use of alternative building materials and technologies to reduce construction costs.(NAN) (www.nannews.ng) (NANFeatures)

  • NBRRI proffers solutions to building collapse

    Building

    By Angela Atabo

    Abuja ,June 6,2024(NAN) The Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI), says adherence to code of practice and  use of standard materials are critical to attaining building construction sustainability in Nigeria.

    Prof. Samson Duna, Director General/Chief Executive Officer of NBRRI, stated this at the presentation of the 2023 NBRRI Scorecard to stakeholders on Thursday in Abuja

    Duna said the institute carried out a robust research on building collapse in Nigeria.and the outcomes were revealing, while far-reaching recommendations were made.

    “The investigation reveals that sub-standard materials, poor workmanship, poor supervision, lack of proper topography and soil investigation, absence of building or planning permit ,corruption ,inadequate designs are major factors of building collapse,” he said.

    The institute’s CEO appealed to construction industry workers to use materials that meet the standard specification in construction and follow the code of practice.

    He said that the Code of Practice is a guide enabling professionals in the construction sector to do the right thing as expected and not to cut corners.

    Duna added that the code of practice covers construction areas like the labour, material, machines and manpower.

    He added that, when construction workers adhere to the code of practice, the case of building collapse would be a thing of the past.

    “My advice and appeal to professionals in the construction industry is that they should adhere to the standard requirement for the use of any material in construction.

    “If you want to be sure that you using quality materials like steel; you have to take it to the lab and test it to ensure that the material you are using meets the standard specification.

    “If you are asked to produce a grade of 25 or a grade of 30, ensure that you use a mixed ratio that is standard to give you that specification of the required grade.

    “Most of our infrastructure does not last long because we hardly adhere to specifications, ’ he said.

    Duna said that through the Institute’s intervention in conducting studies on building collapse, the incidences was declining.

    He said that NBRRI as a research institute had come up with some of the best labs in the country, in measuring construction materials like cement, concrete, steel among others. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)

    ATAB/ROT

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    Edited by Rotimi Ijikanmi

  • NBRRI designs, fabricates 13 software, machines

    NBRRI designs, fabricates 13 software, machines

    Invention

    By Angela Atabo

    The Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) says it designed and fabricated no fewer than 13 machines and software  using the reverse engineering process in 2023.

    Prof. Samson Duna, Director-General/Chief Executive Officer of NBRRI, made this known on Wednesday at the Presentation of 2023 NBRRI scorecard to stakeholders in Abuja.

    Reverse engineering, known as backwards engineering, is the process through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system or software accomplishes a task.

    The process is specific to the object on which it is being performed. All reverse engineering processes consist of three basic steps namely, information extraction, modelling and review.

    According to Duna NBRRI is mandated to conduct integrated and applied research and development activities into the varied aspects of the construction industry.

    He said that several significant achievements were recorded in the last few years.

    These achievements were in the areas of new innovations, upgrading some existing NBRRI innovations, evolving and embarking on new projects, embarking on aggressive outreach/extension programs, administration activities among others.

    “The machines are: design and construction of a mini excavator, design and fabrication of interlocking sandcrete block-making machine and design and fabrication of particleboard rotary dryer.

    “Others are design and fabrication of NBRRI concrete mixer, development of heavy-duty hydraulic forklift machine for building application and design and construction of earth compactor and asphalt cutting machine.

    “There is also evaluating the viability of silica sand in Nasarawa and Benue states for the production of glass for construction industries and the application of intelligent sensors to monitor concrete hardening.

    “We also designed demonstration project to develop modular toilets based on polymer-based composite material, including development and application of an intelligent traffic control system’’, he said.

    Duna said that the NBRRI Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and building automation solution were also designed to enhance energy efficiency.

    He added that Real Time Locators (RTLs) was designed to enhance the safety of workers on construction sites in the event of building collapse in Nigeria with the implementation of real-time locators.

    He said that NBRRI also got two patent certificates giving the institute the authority or license to invent.

    Duna said these were: the NBRRI Semi-Automated Interlocking Block Making Machine (Diesel Driven) and the NBRRI Semi-Automated Interlocking Block Making Machine (Electric Driven).

    One of the main functions of the patent system, according to him, is to foster technological innovation by providing an incentive for research and development.

    He said the patent system also helps in disseminating technical information and promote technology transfer as well as protect inventions that, useful and offer a significant improvement over what already exists.

    The D-G said that NBRRI also carried various capacity programmes and developed a curriculum for artisans in the construction industry.

    “NBRRI developed a robust, practical and relevant competency based curriculum for the training of artisans in 10 selected trades in the construction industry.

    “These are: Masonry, carpentry, electrical installation, plumbing and fittings, floor finishes, Iron bending, painting and decoration and draughting.

    “Others are: Concrete and reinforcement, health and safety,’’ he said.

    Duna said that NBRRI carried out over 15 innovation, research and development projects in 2023.

    He said one of the mandates of NBRRI is to conduct research into Local building and construction materials to determine the most effective and economic methods for their utilisation.

    He said in line with that mandate NBRRI developed new ways of using available local materials in building, road and fabrication.

    These included the production of asphalt from natural sand and bitumen, use of bamboo as reinforcement, the development of Rubberised Asphalt Mat (RAM), design and fabrication of an automatic wall plastering machine.

    Duna said many opportunities abound in NBRI and urged Nigerians to leverage the institution’s milestone in works and housing sectors.

    He said that poor funding, poor patronage of NBRRI products and preference for use of conventional building materials instead of NBRRI’s innovation were as some of the challenges faced by the institute.

    He therefore, called on the Federal to increase funding for the institute as well produce policies that would compel patronage of its innovation as ways of strengthening its operations. (NAN)(www.nannews.com)

    ATAB/KUA

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    Edited by Uche Anunne

  • Stakeholders advocate tree planting to mitigate effects of climate change

    Tree

    By Angela Atabo

    Abuja, June 5, 2024(NAN)Save the Children International (SCI), an NGO, alongside other stakeholders in the environmental sector, says there is need to imbibe the culture of tree planting to mitigate the effects of climate change.

    They stakeholders made the call at the Climate and Sensitisation Activity and Tree planting exercise to celebrate the World Environment Day on Tuesday in Abuja.

    The programme was organised by SCI Nigeria under its Children’s Generation Hope Campaign, in partnership with Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB), at Junior Secondary School ,Piwoyi Community, FCT.

    According to Mr Ifedilichukwu Innocent, Advocacy Campaign Policy Manager, SCI, the effect of climate change is on the rise and children bear the brunt of it most.

    Innocent said that as a child-centred organisation, SCI designed its programmes around health, nutrition, livelihood, climate change and others and works towards protecting children.

    “We are happy as an organisation to be part of this year’s tree planting working with government and other stakeholders.

    “We are using this opportunity to also encourage school children to also be part of the tree planting.

    “What that is doing is helping them to know is that they have to work hard to safeguard the environment.

    “So we are happy that the children are adding their voices and participating in planting these trees,” he said.

    Innocent said that there were lots of benefits associated with tree planting ranging from health to economic, among others.

    He added that the action informed children about their environment and helped them to work towards safeguarding it.

    Innocent encouraged Nigerians to imbibe the culture of tree planting to promote green environment and tackle climate change.

    Ms Rebecca Mamven, Deputy Director Environmental Management Department, AEPB,  said the theme for 2024 World Environment Day was “Land Restoration, Rehabilitation and Drought Resilience.”

    Mamven explained that AEPB’s purpose was to sensitise communities to seeks ways to restore the land back from degradation and stop desertification.

    She added that the board was also working to promote drought resilience with planting of different types of trees and plants.

    “In the north especially, we experience drought a lot; so, we are here to celebrate this day with our children and to teach them how to address these things,” she said.

    Mrs Pauline Nwagugu, Deputy Director, Education and Principal, Junior Secondary school Piwoyi, commended the stakeholders for bringing the tree planting project to the school.

    Nwagugu said she was a lover of green environment and had been plating tress in the school since she was transferred there.

    She, however, expressed gratitude that the students were being carried along to promote green environment and assured the group of the school’s commitment to sustaining the project.

    The Chief of Piwoyi, Tanko Bahago, said the idea of planting trees in communities and schools was a welcome development.

    Tanko said that the community had plans to plant trees around but was waiting for the rainy season to do that.

    “By planting trees on this day, we actively contribute to the preservation of our environment and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come,’’ he said.

    He thanked the stakeholders for the initiative and for remembering his community for such a laudable project.(NAN)(www.nannews.ng

    ATAB/CJ/

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    Edited by Chijioke Okoronkwo

     

  • Ex-NAPTIP boss  urges women to embrace golf sports

    From Left: Lady Captian of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Golf Club ,Angel Ajuze,Dr Lami Ahmed ,the first vice president of Ladies Golf Association of Nigeria, and Lady Captian of the IBB International Golf Club , Julie Okah-Donli at the event

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    Golf

    By Angela Atabo

    Abuja ,June 4,2024 (NAN) Julie Okah-Donli, Lady Captain of the IBB International Golf Club has urged women to participate in the game of golf to improve their physical and mental wellbeing.

    Okah-Donli, a former Director-General of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP), made the call at the Women’s Golf Day Kitty, to mark the 2024 International Women Golf Day.

    The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports the event with the theme, “Inspiring Women Inclusion through Golf”, was organised by the Ladies Section of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Golf Club in Abuja

    Okah-Donli emphasised the need for women’s revolution in golf game, stressing, it would lead to growth in the golf industry and give women more opportunity to play.

    “We are here to celebrate the International Women’s Golf Day, aimed at celebrating women golfers and to introduce the game of golf to non-women golfers just to tell them how important it is to play golf.

    “Golf is life. It is very good for your mental and physical health and also good for networking and business.

    “I have met new friends here that I have never met before. So, for women, that is the best way to go,” she said.

    Okah-Donli added: “Golf can be expensive, but it depends on what you want. You can buy an expensive golf kit ,you can buy a cheap one ,you can even buy a fairly used one.

    “The most important thing is, if you are interested in playing the game and you are focused, then, playing golf does not become expensive to you

    “I encourage women and young girls to play golf. Now, we are having a lot of young girls that play golf”.

    According to her, “back in the days, the game was believed to be for old men and women, but now, times have changed with advancement in technology, the younger ones are even playing more than the older ones” .

    Also speaking, Dr Lami Ahmed ,the first vice President of Ladies Golf Association of Nigeria, said there was need to attract more women to play golf to reap the benefits.

    “We are happy to be here to celebrate the women golf day and as the name implies, it is to celebrate women.

    “The vision is to increase the participation of non-golf playing ladies to begin to love the game and also to celebrate existing lady golfers.

    “Since the game was introduced in 2016, it has been played every year and the import of it is women holding women’s hands in collaboration to enable us to move further than what we are doing, individually,” she said.

    Ahmed said there were no much women playing the game of golf compared to the men, thus the need to encourage more participation of women.

    “It is very important that we give avenue to women to participate, so that we can inspire and enjoy the networking and as well build relationships, “she said

    Ahmed disclosed that over 70 women had registered to play at the GEJ Club for the year.

    She added that different activities were lined up to celebrate the day at the GEJ Golf Club.(NAN) (www.nannews.ng)
    ATAB/ROT

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    Edited by Rotimi Ijikanmi

     

     

  •  Umahi condemns vandalisation of 2nd Niger bridge

    Bridge

    By Angela Atabo
    Abuja, June 4, 2024 (NAN)The Minister of Works, David Umahi has condemned the vandalisation of the superstructure of the 2nd Niger Bridge.
    Umahi in a statement signed by Mr Orji Uchenna, his Special Adviser on  Media Tuesday in Abuja, said the act was cruel and cowardly.
    The Minister expressed deep shock that  reports of the vandalisation were still being recorded  in spite of the presence of the  private security  outfit deployed  by the  Ministry to man the area.
    “The ministry condemns in the strongest terms, this ruthless destruction of the expansion joints, as a deliberate act of sabotage on a key national infrastructure.
    “It is saddening that a human being with the right senses could destroy such a critical and strategic treasure that catalysis Nigeria’s socio-economic advancement.
    “The 2nd Niger Bridge which was handed over by the Renewed Hope administration on Dec. 12, 2023,  after its completion, is one of the  projects intended to bridge the gap in the road infrastructure .
    “It will  boost economic activities by expanding access into the southern part of Nigeria, creating vistas of tourism and trade opportunities and improving road safety along the corridor,” he said.
    Umahi  appreciated the public for their zeal and concerns by raising  the desired  alarm  that trended widely on media platforms on the act.
    He  assured the public that a more formidable security  architecture was being activated to forestall further havoc on the facilities.
    The Minister added that  a technical team has also  been directed  to inspect, evaluate  and reinstate the damaged parts of the superstructure.
    He enjoined  all road users, residents and authorities within the bridge to help keep watch against persons  who vandalise or tamper with the road infrastructure facilities on the project.
    He urged them to arrest or report such persons to the nearest police station or call the ministry’s hotlines –  SA Media on 08030986263..
    Other contacts included : Controller of Works FMW Anambra State on 08033389700; the Controller of Works, FMW Delta State on, 08067736638 and Director Highways, Bridges and Design FMW on 08037056860 (NAN). (www.nannews.ng)
    ATAB/ROT
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    Edited by Rotimi Ijikanmi
  • FMBN inaugurates task teams for loan recovery nationwide

     Shehu Osidi, Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director of Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (3rd from left); Ms Chinenye Anosike, Executive Director, Business Development and Portfolio Management, FMBN (4th from left), and Mr Muhammed Abdu, Executive Director, Loans and Mortgage Services, FMBN (5th from left) with some of the chairmen of the seven Task Teams inaugurated by the bank to recover all the company’s delinquent loans.  

    Loan

    By Angela Atabo

    Abuja. June 3, 2024 (NAN) The Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) on Monday inaugurated seven specialised task teams to recover all the bank’s Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) nationwide.

    While inaugurating the teams in Abuja, Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director of the bank, Shehu Osidi, said the move was to reduce non-performing loans.

    Osidi said the move became expedient to safeguard the bank’s financial interests and sustain its lending operations.

    He said that over the years, FMBN had played a crucial role in providing affordable housing finance to Nigerians, hence contributing significantly to advancing the national housing agenda and promoting the home ownership scheme.

    “However, the sustainability of these efforts hinges on our ability to recover loans effectively and reinvest them in future projects; unfortunately, the bank has performed poorly in this regard.

    “Loan recovery is a critical component of our financial management strategy.

    “This is to ensure that funds are available for disbursement to new beneficiaries while maintaining the integrity of our lending operations.

    “Regardless of the successes recorded in our home delivery efforts, we must acknowledge the enormous challenges we face with our non-performing loans.

    “While some of the non-performing loans are due to infractions from external parties and factors, a huge chunk of blame also lies with us as internal stakeholders hand-in-hand with glaring administrative and operational inefficiencies.’’

    Osidi said henceforth, staff would be held accountable for the outcome of credit decisions over which they had played critical roles.

     He said the strategy adopted by FMBN in the loan recovery endeavour was to follow a different path by challenging, “ourselves to deliver tangible results in pursuance and defense of our common destiny.

    “The inauguration of these task teams marks a significant milestone in our ongoing efforts to enhance the financial stability and operational efficiency of the bank,’’ he said.

    Osidi added that part of the assignment of the task teams includes conducting desk reviews of assigned loan portfolios, including the history of loans, houses available, state of collaterals, outstanding balances, and personalities behind the loans.

    He explained that the teams are expected to look at the segmentation of the loans and the chances of recovery, develop an overreaching recovery strategy, engage relevant stakeholders, and use both conventional and informal, but acceptable strategies to carry out the recoveries.

    He said in case the teams resorted to security agencies or the court, such action should not be made without the Executive Management’s approval.

    Osidi observed that the team will be required to render regular updates and progress reports to the executive management and monitor and track the progress of debt recovery efforts.

    He added that they will also implement measures aimed at preventing NPLs, developing risk mitigation strategies, and enhancing the credit assessment process, among others.

    He said the teams were segmented along geo-political zones and each team would handle all delinquent loans within its jurisdiction.

    He said Team One (FCT) would be led by Dr Kabir  Yagboyaju as Chairman, Mr Jibo Ibrahim Chairman of Team Two (North-West), TLG Elayo, Chairman of Team Three (North-Central), and Mr Gbenga Babade, Chairman of Team Four (South-West).

    Others included: Ms Oby Nwokedi, Chairperson of Team Five (South-East), Mr Nafada Ibrahim, Chairman of Team Six (North-East,); and Ms Felicia Aningo, Chairperson of Team Seven (South-South).

    “Speed is of the essence because each team has only 10 weeks to complete this assignment and deliver results.

    “That is two weeks for desk review and eight weeks for the assignment,” he said.

    Ms Chinenye Anosike, Executive Director, Business Development and Portfolio Management, FMBN, congratulated the members of the task teams.

    She told the teams that they were carefully selected to deliver on the mandate.

    Anosike, therefore, urged them not to pay lip service to the loan recovery task but to work hard and use their expertise to deliver good results within the expected timeframe.

    Mr Muhammed Abdu, Executive Director, Loans and Mortgage Services, FMBN, said the loan recovery task given to the teams was an onerous responsibility and an epoch-making exercise aimed at reinventing the growth, development, and future of the bank.

    Abdu then assured the bank’s management of the team’s commitment to working in synergy, to be selfless, objective, time-conscious, and passionate about the job, to make the bank very proud and bigger at the end of the day. (NAN) (www.nannews.ng)

    ATAB/CHOM/YEE

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    (Edited by Chioma Ugboma/Emmanuel Yashim)